Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) define the first step of protein synthesis by charging cognate tRNA with amino acids to form aminoacyl-tRNA, this reaction was called aminoacylation, then the aminacyl-tRNA was transferred to ribosome for nascent peptide formation. In some cases, mischarging happened. Most organisms have evolved to have the editing activity to deacylated the mis-charged aminoacyl-tRNA. The editing function is an essential checkpoint to ensure translation fidelity.

The primary goal of this special issue is to substantially explore the quality control mechanism of the first step translation fidelity by aaRSs in all organisms. We invite contributions that explore aminoacylation, editing, with particular interest in translation errors and human diseases.

Through this special issue, we aim to elucidate the mechanism of aaRSs function and their relation to diseases like neurological disseases and caner. We welcome researchers from various disciplines to provide interdisciplinary perspectives on aaRSs function. Your contributions will play a crucial role in advancing knowledge in this field.